They mentioned that the general shape of the avian brain was more or less triangular or pear shaped. The general appearance of the brain (dorsally) resembled the outline of a playing card symbol of a “spade.” The finding on the shape of brain corroborates well with the observations in barn owl, in locally bred chicken, and in migratory bird. Photography was carried out from the selected fields both under lower (×10) and higher (×40) magnifications under (Leica DM 2500, Germany) microscope.Īfter careful removal of meninges covering, the gross anatomical features of the brain were observed. Finally, the desired slides with tissue section were stained by Harris hematoxylin and eosin as per the standard method. After air drying, the slides were kept on a slide drier for better fixation of the section. The tissue sections were mounted on clean, grease free, albumenized glass slides.
#Hippocampus anatomy histology serial
The trimmed paraffin blocks were cut with the help of a semi-motorized rotary microtome (Leica RM 2245™) to obtain 5-7 μm thick serial paraffin section. Thereafter, the tissue was cleared in two changes of xylene (4-5 h in each) followed by paraffin impregnation in a thermostatically controlled oven to prepare the paraffin blocks. The tissue pieces were washed under slow running tap water for an overnight period, followed by routine dehydration process in ascending grades of ethyl alcohol (70% → 80% → 90% → absolute alcohol) for 45 min to one hour in each change. Small tissue pieces were collected from dorsomedial (DM) part of each cerebral hemisphere through the transverse section the representative tissue pieces were immediately fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin for 2-3 days before tissue processing. After the collection, the brain samples were cleaned (washed) in normal saline solution then the gross anatomical study was done.
![hippocampus anatomy histology hippocampus anatomy histology](https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/CoS3NQsDmFTLzjnk-46J6TPuUHM=/1500x1023/filters:fill(ABEAC3,1)/hippocampus_brain-5783df885f9b5831b5cee889.jpg)
The meanings covering of the brain and its attachment with cranial bones was cut followed by serving of anterior/rostral attachment of olfactory lobes and optic nerves at the level of optic chiasma on the ventral surface of the brain the intact brain was removed from the cranial cavity. The cranial cavity was cut open very carefully with the help of forceps, scissors, and scalpel.
![hippocampus anatomy histology hippocampus anatomy histology](https://ai2-s2-public.s3.amazonaws.com/figures/2017-08-08/c3cd5fce078139c90473e21add126bfd3afbf2b0/3-Figure2-1.png)
Immediately, the separated head of these birds was taken to the laboratory of the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology. The head of the birds under study was carefully separated at the level of second cervical vertebrae. Adult birds (8 weeks) were slaughtered by cervical dislocation. Birds were reared up to 8 weeks with standard housing, feeding, vaccination, and management system. This work will help to find more information related to brain in Vencobb broiler.Ībout 12, day old Vencobb chicks were obtained from Eastern Hatchery, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. So the present study was designed to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic morphology (hippocampus) of brain in Vencobb broiler. Till today little work has been published regarding anatomical and histological study of brain in birds. In case of strawberry finch, Estrada amandava birds several types of neurons present in the hippocampal complex on the basis of differential dendritic tree pattern. Several types of local circuit neurons (LC) beside the three types of projection neurons: Pyramidal, pyramidal-like, and multipolar neuron have been described in domestic chicks. Five fields were recognized in the hippocampal complex: Medial and lateral hippocampus, parahippocampal area, central field of the parahippocampal area, and crescent field.
![hippocampus anatomy histology hippocampus anatomy histology](https://iiif.elifesciences.org/lax:70119%2Felife-70119-fig1-v2.tif/full/1500,/0/default.jpg)
The role of the avian hippocampus in spatial learning, memory, cognitive, and navigation is well established. The cerebral cortex of the domestic fowls is similar to that of the Pekin Duck and African ostrich. Sturnus vulgaris birds showed that the cerebral is an oval shape with the absence of gyrus and sulcus, with right and left cerebral hemisphere separated by medium fissure, whereas another transverse fissure situated between cerebral and cerebellum. Smaller birds tend to have round and avian-type brains, whereas larger birds show elongated and reptilian-type brains. The brain was hour-glass shape and large in the white crested polish chicken and cerebellum, hippocampus, septum, and olfactory bulb were well developed. There is wide variation in brain morphology among different birds. The large optic lobes in avian species can be attributed to the fact that the birds have a very well-developed sense of vision. Large brains might have evolved as an adaptation to cope with novel or altered conditions. The cognitive ability of a species might be due its total number of brain neurons.
![hippocampus anatomy histology hippocampus anatomy histology](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/61ZX+kFIU+L.jpg)
Brain research in birds is important for bird’s welfare and knowledge about the nervous system function, physiology, anatomical development, and behavior. Avian brain research was started in the early 20 th century.